A man's ethical behavior should be based effectually on sympathy, education, and social ties; no religious basis is necessary. Man would indeed be in a poor way if he had to be restrained by fear of punishment and hope of reward after death.

Summary

This quote suggests that a person's ethical actions should derive from their ability to empathize with others, their education and knowledge of right and wrong, and their connections within society. It argues that religious beliefs alone should not be the defining factor in determining ethical behavior. The quote further implies that relying solely on the fear of punishment or the hope for rewards in the afterlife would lead to a morally impoverished society.