The moral duty to be expected in different ages is not a unity of standard, or of acts, but a unity of tendency. At one time the benevolent affections embrace merely the family, soon the circle expanding includes first a class, then a nation, then a coalition of nations, then all humanity and finally, its influence is felt in the dealings of man with the animal world.

Summary

This quote highlights the evolving nature of moral duty throughout different stages in human history. It suggests that moral obligations are not fixed and unchanging, but rather they align with the prevailing values and perspectives of the time. The quote illustrates how the scope of benevolence expands progressively, starting from a narrow focus on the family and gradually extending to encompass larger groups such as classes, nations, and eventually all of humanity. Furthermore, it implies that a sense of moral responsibility may even extend to the treatment of animals.

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