The only phenomenon with which writing has always been concomitant is the creation of cities and empires, that is the integration of large numbers of individuals into a political system, and their grading into castes or classes. It seems to have favored the exploitation of human beings rather than their enlightenment.

Summary

This quote suggests that throughout history, the development of writing has been closely linked with the formation of cities and empires. It argues that writing played a role in bringing together large populations under political systems, leading to the division of society into social hierarchies. The quote implies that, instead of promoting knowledge and understanding, writing has been utilized as a tool for the exploitation of individuals within these systems.

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